The unlivable is the most extreme point of human suffering and injustice. But what is it exactly? How do we define the unlivable? And what can we do to prevent and repair it? These are the questions the authors of this book address in a dialogue situated at the crossroads of contemporary life and politics. Here, the book criticizes the norms that make life precarious and unlivable, while also appealing to a “critical vitalism” as a way of allowing the hardship of the unlivable to reveal what is vital for us. The difference between the livable and the unlivable forms the critical foundation for a contemporary practice of care. The dialogue transcribed and translated in this book took place at the Ecole Normale Superieure (ENS) on April 11, 2018, at a time when close to two thousand migrants were living in nearby makeshift camps in northern Paris. This dialogue is showcased in the context of the authors' ongoing work and the evolution of their thought, as presented by the book's introduction. The book concludes with a new afterword that addresses the crises unfolding in our world and the ways a philosophically rigorous account of life must confront them. In the conversation between the authors, we encounter questions we all grapple with in confronting the distress and precarity of our times, marked as it is by types of survival that are unlivable, from concentration camps to prisons to environmental toxicity, to forcible displacement, to the Covid pandemic. The book considers longstanding philosophical questions around why and how we live, while working to retrieve a philosophy of life for today's Left.