The glucose level and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in hepatocyte-like cells under the action of extracts and cytokinin fractions of medicinal mushrooms

Abstract

Mushroom extracts show the multifunctional activity and have a wide range of applications for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. However, the full composition of the compounds that produce macromycetes that exhibit antitumor properties has not yet been established. Impaired glucose metabolism and activation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in tumor cells may be a key marker of biochemical anaplasia in neoplasms. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions isolated from the mycelial biomass of medicinal mushrooms on the biological properties of cells of hepatocyte-like cells of the HepG2 line (human hepatocellular carcinoma). The objects of the research were pure mushroom cultures of Hericium coralloides, Fomitopsis officinalis, Trametes (Coriolus) versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus and Morchella esculenta. Cytokinin fractions from the extracts were isolated by centrifugation followed by fractionation and purification using ion exchange chromatography. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of cytokinins was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. GGT activity was determined using the kit "Filisit" (Ukraine), glucose level – glucose oxidase method, with modifications for the cellular culture medium. The analysis of mycelial biomass of medicinal macromycetes revealed the presence of transzeatin, zeatin riboside, zeatin-O-glucoside and isopentenyladenine, that showed high activity in relation to cytokinin synthesis. Inhibition of glucose diffusion from the cultivation medium with the use of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions of medicinal mushroom and a decrease in GGT activity, more pronounced with the action of cytokinin fractions, compared with crude extracts, was noted. The difference between the effects of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions indicated the complex nature of the action of biologically active substances of medicinal mushroom. Presented results regarding the effects of crude extracts and cytokinin fractions of medicinal mushroom showed a normalizing effect on the main metabolic parameters which change in tumor cells, as a mechanism of biochemical anaplasia.