Bevacizumab for Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Literature Review

Abstract

Background and Aims: Glioblastoma multiforme, a grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. Bevacizumab, a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal IgG1 antibody, is a Food and Drug Administration-approved agent for the treatment of advanced Glioblastoma multiforme. In this review, we aimed to discuss the therapeutic effects of bevacizumab for Glioblastoma multiforme treatment. Methods: We searched Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using keywords “Glioblastoma multiforme,” “GBM,” and “Bevacizumab.” Two authors screened the records to identify relevant studies and classify them according to our outcomes of interest. Results: Bevacizumab selectively binds circulating VEGF, interfering with the role of VEGF in endothelial cell differentiation, sprouting, and capillary formation. Consequently, it inhibits tumor neovascularization and induces the development of normal vascular structures Conclusions: Our review summarized some factors that may maximize the effectiveness of the drug at the lowest possible cost. We mention limitations of bevacizumab use and put forward solutions. Despite progress, many questions remain unanswered; therefore, further well-designed studies are required to investigate the optimal management of Glioblastoma multiforme treatment with bevacizumab.