Affiliation:
1. Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University).
2. Federal State Budgetary Institution «Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Abstract
Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases are diagnosed in 10–16% of patients with metastatic breast cancer (BC). Half of all these cases are HER2-positive. At present, there are no generally accepted algorithms regarding the combination and sequence of local and systemic treatment options for these patients. According to current guidelines, different local management options remain one of the main treatment methods of brain metastases control. When local treatment is limited, patients with HER2-positive BC with СNS metastases can receive anti-HER2 therapy in combination with chemo- or hormonal therapy (for luminal tumors) or as single option. Trastuzumab poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier, but trastuzumab-based treatment schedules increase the life expectancy in patients with HER2-positive BC with CNS metastases mainly due to control of extracranial metastases. Lapatinib, by contrast, penetrates the blood-brain barrier well, and its combination with capecitabine achieves response in heavily pretreated patients, especially in those who have central nervous system metastases as the only site of disease progression.
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