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2. 2) Park, R. and Blakeley, R. W. G.: Seismic Design of Bridges, RRU Bulletin 43, National Roads Board, 1979.
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4. 4) Ohta. M.: A Study on Earthquake Resistant Design for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers of Single-Column Type, Report of the Public Works Research Institute, Vol. 153, 1980 (in Japanese).
5. 5) Ikeda, S., Eya, S. and Yamaguchi, T.: Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Columns under Reversed Cyclic Loadings, Trans. of the Japan Concrete Institute, 1986.