1. 1. Etkins, R. & Epstein E. S. Science 215, 287 (1982). 2. Gornitz, V. L., Lebedeff, L. & Hansen, J. Science 215, 1611 (1982). 3. Reveile, R. in Changing Climate, Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee, National 24. Research Council, 433-448 (National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1982). 25. 4. Polar Research Board, NRC (Meier, M. F. et al.) Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Sea Level: Effect 26. of a CO2-Induced Climatic Change Report ER 60235-1 (US Department of Energy, 27. Washington DC, 1985). 28. 5. Barnett, T. P. Mon. Weath. Rev. 112, 303 (1984). 29. 6. Barnett, T. P. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon Dioxide (eds McCracken, 30. M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 91-107 (US Department of Energy, Washington DC, 1985). 31. 7. Robin, G. deQ. in Greenhouse Gases, Climatic Change, and Ecosystems (eds Bolin, B., D66s, B. R., Jager, J. & Warrick, R. A.) 323-359 (Wiley, Chichester, 1986). 32. 8. Jones, P. D., Wigley, T. M. L. & Wright, P. B. Nature 322, 430 (1986). 33. 9. Hoffman, J. S., Keyes, D. & Titus, J. G. Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise. Report PM-221 34. (US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1983). 35. 10. Robock, A. Science 219, 996 (1983). 36. 11. Wigley, T. M. L. & Schlesinger, M. E. Nature 315, 649 (1985). 37. 12. Harvey, L. D. D. & Schneider, S. H. J. geophys. Res. 90, 2207 (1985). 38. 13. Hoffert, M. I. & Flannery, B. P. in Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon 39. Dioxide (eds McCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 149-190 (US Department of Energy, 40. Washington DC, 1985). 41. 14. McCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M. (eds) Projecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing Carbon 42. Dioxide Report ER-0237 (US Department of Energy, Washington DC, 1985). 43. 15. Bolin, B., D66s, B. R., Jager, J. & Warrick, R. A. (eds) Greenhouse Gases, Climatic Change, 44. and Ecosystems (Wiley, Chichester, 1986). 45. 16. Brocker, W. S. & Peng, T. H. Tracers in the Sea (Lament-Doherty Geological Observatory, 46. Columbia University, New York, 1982). 47. 17. Leyendekkers, J. V. Thermodynamics of Seawater Part 1 (Dekker, New York, 1976). 48. 18. Manabe, S. & Stouffer, R. J. J geophys. Res. 85, 5529 (1980). 19. Wigley, T. M. L. & Jones, P. D. Nature 292, 205 (1981). 49. 20. Wigley, T. M. L., Angell, J. K. & Jones, P. D. in Detecting the Climatic Effects of Increasing 50. Carbon Dioxide (eds MacCracken, M. C. & Luther, F. M.) 55-90 (US Department of 51. Energy, Washington DC, 1985). 52. 21. Wigley, T. M. L., Jones, P. D. & Kelly, P. M. in Greenhouse Gases, Climatic Change, and 53. Ecosystems (eds Bolin, B., Doos, B. R., Jager, J. & Warrick, R. A.) 271-322 (Wiley, Chichester, 1986). 54. 22. Friedii, H., Lotscher, H., Oeschger, H., Siegenthaler, U. & Stauffer, B. Nature 324,237 (1986). 23. Gammon, R. H., Sundquist, E. T. & Fraser, P. J. in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and the Global Carbon Cycle (ed. Trabalka, J.) 25-62 (US Department of Energy, Washington DC, 1985). 24. Neftel, A., Moor. E., Oeschger, H. & Stauffer, B. Nature 315, 45 (1985). 25. Pearman, G. E., Etheridge, D., de Silva, F. & Fraser, P. J. Nature 320, 248 (1986). 26. Siegenthaler, U. & Oeschger, H. Tellus 39B, 140 (1987). 27. Rasmussen, R. A. & Khalil, M. A. K. Science 232, 1623 (1986). 28. Rinsland, C. P., Levine, J. S. & Miles, T. Nature 318, 245 (1985). 29. Stauffer, B., Fischer, G., Neftel, A. & Oeschger, H. Science 229, 1386 (1985). 30. Dickinson, R. E. & Cicerone, R. J. Nature 319, 109 (1986). 31. Hansen, J. et al. in Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity (eds Hansen, J. & Takahaski, T.) 130-163 (Am. Geophys. Union, Washington DC, 1984). 32. Ramanathan, V., Cicerone, R. J., Singh, H. B. & Kiehl, J. T. J. geophys. Res. 90, 5547 (1985). 33. Kiehl, J. T. & Dickinson, R. E. J. geophys. Res. 92, 2991 (1987). 34. Wigley, T. M. L. Climate Monitor 16, 14 (1987). 35. Washington, W. M. & Meehl, G. A. J. geophys. Res. 89, 9475 (1984). 36. Wetherald, R. T. & Manabe, S. dim. Change 8, 5 (1986). 37. Gilliland, R. L. & Schneider, S. H. Nature 310, 38 (1984). 38. Charlock, T. P. J. atmos. Sci. 38, 661 (1981). 39. Charlock, T. P. Tellus 34, 245 (1982). 40. Somervilie, R. C. J. & Remer, L. A. J geophys. Res. 89, 9668 (1984). 41. Twomey, S. A., Piepgrass, M. & Wolfe, T. L. Tellus 36, 356 (1984). 42. Hansen, J. et al. Science 213, 957 (1981). 43. Gilliland, R. L. dim. Change 4, 111 (1982). 44. Vinhlkov, K. Ya. & Groisman, P. Ya. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya 1981(11), 30 (1981). 45. Jones, P. D., Raper, S. C. B. & Wigley, T. M. L. J. dim. appi Meteor. 25, 1213 (1986). 46. Watts, R. G. J. geophys. Res. 90, 8067 (1985). 47. Brewer, P. G. et al. Science 222, 1237 (1983). 48. Swift, J. H. in Climate Processes and Climate Sensitivity (eds Hansen, J. & Takahaski, T.) 39-47 (Am. Geophys. Union, Washington DC, 1984). 49. Roemmich, D. & Wunsch, C. Nature 307, 447 (1984). 50. Boyle, E. A. & Keigwin, L. D. Science 218, 784 (1982). 51. Broecker, W. S., Peteet, D. M. & Rind, D. Nature 315, 21 (1985). 52. Wigley, T. M. L. Geophys. Res. Lett, (in the press). 53. Hoffman, J. S., Wells, J. & Titus, J. G. in Iceland Coastal and River Symposium (ed. Sigbjarnason, G.) 245-266 (National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, 1986). 54. Meier, M. F. Science 226, 1418 (1984).