Global navigation of Lithium in water bodies and emerging human health crisis

Author:

Adeel Muhammad,Zain Muhammad,Shakoor Noman,Ahmad Muhammad Arslan,Azeem Imran,Aziz Muhammad Abdullah,Tulcan Robert Xavier Supe,Rathore AkshitORCID,Tahir Muhammad,Horton Robert,Xu Ming,Yukui Rui

Abstract

AbstractThe production of lithium (Li) increased by 256% in recent years due to unprecedented demands from technological industries. Intensive harvesting poses serious impacts on the sustainability of Li production. Herein, we address the global Li cycle and predict the peak production to reach 740000 million tons in 2041. Global Li accumulation in water bodies is mapped, and the consequences on human health of a wide range (<0.06–>20 mg L−1) of Li concentrations in drinking water are explored. The implications to human health of Li exposure remains unresolved and needs further investigation. There are still no recommendations on safe limits of Li in drinking water for humankind. In conclusion, there is an emergency call to health governing bodies, environmental protection agencies and scientific communities for urgent efforts on sustainable production of Li and identify their thresholds levels in drinking water to minimize the emerging consequences of Li on humans.

Funder

National Key Research and Development Program of China,

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Pollution,Waste Management and Disposal,Water Science and Technology

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