1. Roff, D. A. The Evolution of Life Histories (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1992).
2. Stearns, S. C. The Evolution of Life Histories (Oxford Univ. Press, 1992).
3. Pianka, E. R. & Parker, W. S. Am. Nat. 109, 453–464 (1975).
4. Clutton-Brock, T. H., Guinness, F. E. & Albon, S. D. Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes (University of Chicago Press, 1982).
5. Pettifor, R. A., Perrins, C. M. & McCleery, R. H. Nature 336, 160–162 (1988).