ISG15 in antiviral immunity and beyond

Author:

Perng Yi-Chieh,Lenschow Deborah J.

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,Microbiology,Infectious Diseases

Reference175 articles.

1. Schneider, W. M., Chevillotte, M. D. & Rice, C. M. Interferon-stimulated genes: a complex web of host defenses. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 32, 513–545 (2014).

2. Der, S. D., Zhou, A., Williams, B. R. & Silverman, R. H. Identification of genes differentially regulated by interferon alpha, beta, or gamma using oligonucleotide arrays. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 15623–15628 (1998).

3. Loeb, K. R. & Haas, A. L. The interferon-inducible 15-kDa ubiquitin homolog conjugates to intracellular proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 7806–7813 (1992).

4. Zhang, X. et al. Human intracellular ISG15 prevents interferon-alpha/beta over-amplification and auto-inflammation. Nature 517, 89–93 (2015). This study identifies a second cohort of individuals lacking ISG15 who presented with evidence of interferon hypersensitivity. They demonstrated that human ISG15 non-covalently binds to USP18, preventing its ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation, and therefore functions as a key negative regulator of type I interferon signalling.

5. Bogunovic, D. et al. Mycobacterial disease and impaired IFN-gamma immunity in humans with inherited ISG15 deficiency. Science 337, 1684–1688 (2012). This groundbreaking study reports the first ISG15-deficient individuals. The findings indicate that these patients developed disseminated mycobacterial disease after bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and reveal that cells derived from these patients produced reduced levels of IFNγ after stimulation with Mycobacterium owing to the loss of extracellular ISG15 and its ability to function as a cytokine to stimulate IFNγ production.

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