Heterogeneity of mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration: from characterization to application

Author:

Zha KangkangORCID,Li Xu,Yang Zhen,Tian Guangzhao,Sun Zhiqiang,Sui Xiang,Dai Yongjing,Liu ShuyunORCID,Guo QuanyiORCID

Abstract

AbstractArticular cartilage is susceptible to damage but hard to self-repair due to its avascular nature. Traditional treatment methods are not able to produce satisfactory effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown great promise in cartilage repair. However, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is often unstable partly due to their heterogeneity. Understanding the heterogeneity of MSCs and the potential of different types of MSCs for cartilage regeneration will facilitate the selection of superior MSCs for treating cartilage damage. This review provides an overview of the heterogeneity of MSCs at the donor, tissue source and cell immunophenotype levels, including their cytological properties, such as their ability for proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation and immunoregulation, as well as their current applications in cartilage regeneration. This information will improve the precision of MSC-based therapeutic strategies, thus maximizing the efficiency of articular cartilage repair.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Key R&D Program of China

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,Biomedical Engineering,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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