ADP binding by the Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito D7 salivary protein enhances blood feeding on mammals

Author:

Martin-Martin InesORCID,Paige AndrewORCID,Valenzuela Leon Paola CarolinaORCID,Gittis Apostolos G.,Kern Olivia,Bonilla Brian,Chagas Andrezza Campos,Ganesan Sundar,Smith Leticia Barion,Garboczi David N.,Calvo EricORCID

Abstract

AbstractDuring blood-feeding, mosquito saliva is injected into the skin to facilitate blood meal acquisition. D7 proteins are among the most abundant components of the mosquito saliva. Here we report the ligand binding specificity and physiological relevance of two D7 long proteins from Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito, the vector of filaria parasites or West Nile viruses. CxD7L2 binds biogenic amines and eicosanoids. CxD7L1 exhibits high affinity for ADP and ATP, a binding capacity not reported in any D7. We solve the crystal structure of CxD7L1 in complex with ADP to 1.97 Å resolution. The binding pocket lies between the two protein domains, whereas all known D7s bind ligands either within the N- or the C-terminal domains. We demonstrate that these proteins inhibit hemostasis in ex vivo and in vivo experiments. Our results suggest that the ADP-binding function acquired by CxD7L1 evolved to enhance blood-feeding in mammals, where ADP plays a key role in platelet aggregation.

Funder

Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Subject

General Physics and Astronomy,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Chemistry

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