Author:
Hodgkins Jamie,Orr Caley M.,Gravel-Miguel Claudine,Riel-Salvatore Julien,Miller Christopher E.,Bondioli Luca,Nava Alessia,Lugli Federico,Talamo Sahra,Hajdinjak Mateja,Cristiani Emanuela,Romandini Matteo,Meyer Dominique,Drohobytsky Danylo,Kuester Falko,Pothier-Bouchard Geneviève,Buckley Michael,Mancini Lucia,Baruffaldi Fabio,Silvestrini Sara,Arrighi Simona,Keller Hannah M.,Griggs Rocío Belén,Peresani Marco,Strait David S.,Benazzi Stefano,Negrino Fabio
Abstract
AbstractThe evolution and development of human mortuary behaviors is of enormous cultural significance. Here we report a richly-decorated young infant burial (AVH-1) from Arma Veirana (Liguria, northwestern Italy) that is directly dated to 10,211–9910 cal BP (95.4% probability), placing it within the early Holocene and therefore attributable to the early Mesolithic, a cultural period from which well-documented burials are exceedingly rare. Virtual dental histology, proteomics, and aDNA indicate that the infant was a 40–50 days old female. Associated artifacts indicate significant material and emotional investment in the child’s interment. The detailed biological profile of AVH-1 establishes the child as the earliest European near-neonate documented to be female. The Arma Veirana burial thus provides insight into sex/gender-based social status, funerary treatment, and the attribution of personhood to the youngest individuals among prehistoric hunter-gatherer groups and adds substantially to the scant data on mortuary practices from an important period in prehistory shortly following the end of the last Ice Age.
Funder
Wenner-Gren
Leakey Foundation
National Geographic Society
Hyde Family Foundation
University of Colorado Denver
Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
H2020 European Research Council
Max Planck Society
University of California San Diego CHEI
Washington University
European Research Council
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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