Entomopathogenic fungus disrupts the phloem-probing behavior of Diaphorina citri and may be an important biological control tool in citrus

Abstract

AbstractCitrus is among the most important fruit crops worldwide; however, numerous pests and diseases affect the orchards, increasing production costs. The psyllid Diaphorina citri, is a vector of the phloem-limited bacteria ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’, the causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The lack of a cure for HLB requires management of the vector, mainly by intensive use of chemical insecticides, leading to the selection of resistant populations. Our study determined the effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea on the probing behavior of D. citri at different time points after the fungus was applied by spraying. The electrical penetration graph technique was used to monitor the stylet activities of D. citri after application of the microbiological product. The effects were more pronounced between 30 and 96 h after the insects were sprayed, with significant disruption of the stylet activities related to the phloem and directly associated with the transmission of HLB. Our study indicated that the microbiological product Challenger®, with the active ingredient C. fumosorosea fungus, can significantly change the probing behavior of D. citri, may be helpful in more-sustainable management of the vector, and can be used to reduce the spread of HLB.