Author:
Tan Chee Wah,Lim Chuan Kok,Prestedge Jacqueline,Batty Mitchell,Mah Yun Yan,O’Han Michelle,Wang Lin-Fa,Kilby Dean,Anderson Danielle E.
Abstract
AbstractDespite SARS-CoV-2 vaccines eliciting systemic neutralising antibodies (nAbs), breakthrough infections still regularly occur. Infection helps to generate mucosal immunity, possibly reducing disease transmission. Monitoring mucosal nAbs is predominantly restricted to lab-based assays, which have limited application to the public. In this multi-site study, we used lateral-flow surrogate neutralisation tests to measure mucosal and systemic nAbs in vaccinated and breakthrough infected individuals in Australia and Singapore. Using three lateral flow assays to detect SARS-CoV-2 nAbs, we demonstrated that nasal mucosal nAbs were present in 71.4 (95% CI 56.3–82.9%) to 85.7% (95% CI 71.8–93.7%) of individuals with breakthrough infection (positivity rate was dependent upon the type of test), whereas only 20.7 (95% CI 17.1–49.4%) to 34.5% (95% CI 19.8–52.7%) of vaccinated individuals without breakthrough infection had detectible nasal mucosal nAbs. Of the individuals with breakthrough infection, collective mucosal anti-S antibody detection in confirmatory assays was 92.9% (95% CI 80.3–98.2%) of samples, while 72.4% (95% CI 54.1–85.5%) of the vaccinated individuals who had not experienced a breakthrough infection were positive to anti-S antibody. All breakthrough infected individuals produced systemic anti-N antibodies; however, these antibodies were not detected in the nasal cavity. Mucosal immunity is likely to play a role in limiting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and lateral flow neutralisation tests provide a rapid readout of mucosal nAbs at the point-of-care.
Funder
National Medical Research Council
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Reference28 articles.
1. Balint, G., Voros-Horvath, B. & Szechenyi, A. Omicron: Increased transmissibility and decreased pathogenicity. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 7, 151. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-022-01009-8 (2022).
2. Halfmann, P. J. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters. Nature 603, 687–692. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04441-6 (2022).
3. Statement on the fifteenth meeting of the IHR (2005) Emergency Committee on the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2023-statement-on-the-fifteenth-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-19)-pandemic#:~:text=The%20WHO%20Director%2DGeneral%20concurs,of%20international%20concern%20(PHEIC) (2022).
4. Khoury, D. S. et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 27, 1205–1211. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8 (2021).
5. Cromer, D. et al. Neutralising antibody titres as predictors of protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the impact of boosting: A meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe 3, e52–e61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00267-6 (2022).
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
1. Engineered nanoparticles for clinical assays;Nature Reviews Bioengineering;2024-07-08