Development and application of fluorine doped bismuth vanadate reduced graphene oxide Nafion composite electrode as an electrochemical sensor for 4-chlorophenol

Abstract

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis of fluorine-doped bismuth vanadate (F0.1BiVO4) and its composite with graphene oxide (GO) to improve charge transport properties. Based on the structural and morphological analysis such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and RAMAN the composite of F0.1BiVO4/r-GO/Nafion was successfully prepared with no filth. It was used to selectively detect the environmental contaminant 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) on a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The electron channeling ability of reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) with F0.1BiVO4 yielded a great electrochemical response (ER) in cyclic voltammetry compared to pure GCE and other modified electrodes. The differential pulse voltammetry response of 4-CP was highly sensitive with the detection of limit (LOD) of 0.56 nM and a wide linear response of 0.77–45.0 nM. Fluorine doping, in particular, was able to affect the crystal growth of BiVO4, which was the primary cause of the aforementioned improvement. On the other hand, r-GO acts as an electron bridge to improve charge transfer between electrolytes and F-BiVO4 due to its high electron transport rate. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of F0.1BiVO4/r-GO/Nafion/GCE for the electrochemical detection of 4-CP.