Higher order chemical reaction effects on $$\text {Cu}{-}\text {H}_2\text {O}$$ nanofluid flow over a vertical plate

Abstract

AbstractMany fluids used in industries will possess a uniform velocity acting along with it. Although a few researchers have analyzed the fluid flow along with a constant velocity but such modeling in nanofluids is quite new. The novelty of this work is the numerical evaluation of a nanofluid with a constant velocity through a vertical plate in a porous medium under Dufour as well as Soret impacts coupled with a higher order chemical reaction. A rotating MHD nanofluid is investigated for both heat as well as mass transfer. An incompressible, steady-state fluid is subjected to flow through a semi-infinite plate by taking into account viscous dissipation as well as a magnetic field. Flow equations are typically represented by PDEs that are nonlinear and coupled. The PDEs are changed to ODEs by similarity transformation variables. Runge-Kutta method of $$4{\text {th}}$$ 4 th order accuracy along with shooting technique is employed to solve the converted system of ODEs. $$\text {Cu}{-}\text {H}_2\text {O}$$ Cu - H 2 O is used to provide an in-depth analysis of the examined problem. In order to account for practical considerations, the maximum order of the chemical reaction is limited to 3 and a comparative analysis is provided for $$1{\text {st}}$$ 1 st and $$3{\text {rd}}$$ 3 rd order chemical reactions. For different physical quantities, different numerical values that are obtained using MATLAB are used to analyze various properties regarding the flow. Heat transfer, and mass transfer rates are discussed using graphs and tables. Compared to low order chemical reactions, high order chemical reactions allow higher rates at which the reaction takes place, thus allowing greater rates of heat and mass transfer.