Author:
Tiwari Jeetendra Kumar,Kumar Birendra,Chauhan Harish Chandr,Ghosh Subhasis
Abstract
AbstractThe tri-layer La$$_{3-3x}$$
3
-
3
x
Sr$$_{1+3x}$$
1
+
3
x
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
manganites of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) series are naturally arranged layered structure with alternate stacking of ω-MnO$$_2$$
2
(ω = 3) planes and rock-salt type block layers (La, Sr)$$_2$$
2
O$$_2$$
2
along c-axis. The dimensionality of the RP series manganites depends on the number of perovskite layers and significantly affects the magnetic and transport properties of the system. Generally, when a ferromagnetic material undergoes a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state, the magnetic moment of the system becomes zero above the transition temperature (T$$ _{C} $$
C
). However, the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
shows non-zero magnetic moment above T$$ _{C} $$
C
and also another transition at higher temperature T$$ ^{*} \approx $$
∗
≈
263 K. The non-zero magnetization above T$$ _{C} $$
C
emphasizes that the phase transition in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
not a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. We show here the non-zero magnetic moment above T$$ _{C} $$
C
is due to the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
manganite. The scaling of the magnetic entropy change confirms the second-order phase transition and the critical behavior of phase transition has been studied around T$$_C$$
C
to understand the low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
. We have obtained the critical exponents for tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
, which belong to the short-range two-dimensional (2D)-Ising universality class. The low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
manganite is also explained with the help of renormalization group theoretical approach for short-range 2D-Ising systems. It has been shown that the layered structure of tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
results in three different types of interactions intra-planer ($$ J_{ab} $$
J
ab
), intra-tri-layer ($$ J_{c} $$
J
c
) and inter-tri-layer ($$ J' $$
J
′
) such that $$ J_{ab}> J_{c}>> J' $$
J
ab
>
J
c
>
>
J
′
and competition among these give rise to the canted antiferromagnetic spin structure above T$$ _{C} $$
C
. Based on the similar magnetic interaction in bi-layer manganite, we propose that the tri-layer La$$_{2.1}$$
2.1
Sr$$_{1.9}$$
1.9
Mn$$_{3}$$
3
O$$_{10}$$
10
should be able to host the skyrmion below T$$ _{C} $$
C
due to its strong anisotropy and layered structure.
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
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