Modelling the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance in dairy farms

Author:

Todman Henry,Helliwell Richard,King Liz,Blanchard AdamORCID,Gray-Hammerton Charlotte J.ORCID,Hooton Steven P.,Baker Michelle,Margerison Jean,Wilson Paul,Dodd Christine E. R.,Morris Carol,Raman Sujatha,Hudson Chris,Kreft Jan-UlrichORCID,Hobman Jon L.ORCID,Kypraios Theodore,Stekel Dov J.ORCID

Abstract

AbstractDairy slurry is a major source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant genes and bacteria. We developed mathematical models and conducted on-farm research to explore the impact of wastewater flows and management practices on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in slurry. Temporal fluctuations in cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli were observed and attributed to farm activities, specifically the disposal of spent copper and zinc footbath into the slurry system. Our model revealed that resistance should be more frequently observed with relevant determinants encoded chromosomally rather than on plasmids, which was supported by reanalysis of sequenced genomes from the farm. Additionally, lower resistance levels were predicted in conditions with lower growth and higher death rates. The use of muck heap effluent for washing dirty channels did not explain the fluctuations in cephalosporin resistance. These results highlight farm-specific opportunities to reduce AMR pollution, beyond antibiotic use reduction, including careful disposal or recycling of waste antimicrobial metals.

Funder

RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council

RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Publisher

Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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