Abstract
Abstract
The neural correlates distinguishing youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-) and ASD with co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ASD+) are poorly understood despite significant phenotypic and prognostic differences. Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures, including intracortical facilitation (ICF), short interval cortical inhibition (SICI), and cortical silent period (CSP) were measured in an age matched cohort of youth with ASD- (n = 20), ASD + (n = 29), and controls (TDC) (n = 24). ASD− and ASD+ groups did not differ by IQ or social functioning; however, ASD+ had significantly higher inattention and hyperactivity ratings. ICF (higher ratio indicates greater facilitation) in ASD+ (Mean 1.0, SD 0.19) was less than ASD− (Mean 1.3, SD 0.36) or TDC (Mean 1.2, SD 0.24) (F2,68 = 6.5, p = 0.003; post-hoc tests, ASD+ vs either TDC or ASD−, p ≤ 0.05). No differences were found between groups for SICI or age corrected active/resting motor threshold (AMT/RMT). Across all ASD youth (ASD− and ASD+), ICF was inversely correlated with worse inattention (Conners-3 Inattention (r = −0.41; p < 0.01) and ADHDRS-IV Inattention percentile (r = −0.422, p < 0.01) scores. ICF remains intact in ASD− but is impaired in ASD+. Lack of ICF is associated with inattention and executive function across ASD. Taken with the present findings, ADHD may have a distinct electrophysiological “signature” in ASD youth. ICF may constitute an emerging biomarker to study the physiology of ADHD in ASD, which may align with disease prognosis or treatment response.
Funder
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Subject
Biological Psychiatry,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Psychiatry and Mental health
Reference63 articles.
1. Stevens, T., Peng, L. & Barnard-Brak, L. The comorbidity of ADHD in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 31, 11–18 (2016).
2. Jang, J. et al. Rates of comorbid symptoms in children with ASD, ADHD, and comorbid ASD and ADHD. Res. Dev. Disabilities 34, 2369–2378 (2013).
3. Salunkhe G., et al. Examining the overlap between ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using candidate endophenotypes of ADHD. J. Atten. disord. 1087054718778114, 1–16 (2018). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1087054718778114?rfr_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&journalCode=jada.
4. Joshi, G. et al. Symptom profile of ADHD in youth with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: a comparative study in psychiatrically referred populations. J. Atten. Disord. 21, 846–855 (2017).
5. RUPP. Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of methylphenidate in pervasive developmental disorders with hyperactivity. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 62, 1266–1274 (2005).
Cited by
9 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献