HYPOFRACTIONATED CYBERKNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR PERICHIASMATIC PITUITARY ADENOMAS

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE Radiation therapy is recommended for pituitary tumors that are refractory to surgical and medical therapies. The efficacy of single-fraction radiosurgery is established for these lesions, but lesions within 3 mm of the optic pathway cannot be safely treated with doses higher than 8 to 10 Gy. We hypothesized that the optic nerve will tolerate 5 consecutive daily radiosurgery fractions of 500 cGy with effective tumor control. METHODS We reviewed our first 20 patients with recurrent or residual pituitary adenomas within 3 mm of the optic chiasm treated with the CyberKnife radiosurgery system (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA). Tumors were treated with a mean coverage of 97 ± 2.2% (range, 89.8–99.7%), a mean conformity index of 1.3 ± 0.2 (range, 1.1–1.6), and a mean treatment isodose line of 74.5 ± 6.6% (range, 60–86%). The primary end point was an interim analysis of visual preservation, and secondary end points were radiographic and endocrinological tumor control. RESULTS The mean follow-up period for visual field testing was 26.6 ± 10.5 months (range, 10.6–41 months). The vision of all 14 patients with intact preoperative vision remained intact. Of the 5 patients with impaired vision, 2 remained stable, and 3 improved. No patient's vision deteriorated. The mean radiographic follow-up was 29.3 ± 8.6 months (range, 10.2–40.5 months). On magnetic resonance imaging, 12 tumors were stable, 8 were smaller, and none enlarged. CONCLUSION This preliminary study establishes that the optic nerve and chiasm tolerate CyberKnife hypofractionated radiosurgery of 5 × 500 cGy to perichiasmatic pituitary adenomas. Early data suggest that this dosing paradigm may achieve satisfactory radiographic and endocrinological tumor control for these challenging lesions, but longer follow-up is necessary to confirm these results.