Postoperative Complications and Neurological Deficits After Petroclival Region Meningioma Resection: A Case Series

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Surgical management of meningiomas involving the petroclival junction remains a challenge because of nearby critical neurovascular structures. OBJECTIVE: To describe surgical approach selection, outcomes, and factors associated with postoperative complications and neurological deficits in a series of patients undergoing resection of petroclival region meningiomas. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients undergoing symptomatic petroclival region meningioma resection was performed. Logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with postoperative complications and new neurological deficits. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients underwent 54 one-stage and 11 two-stage resections with median follow-up of 51 months. Most tumors were World Health Organization grade 1 (90.8%), and the median volume was 23.9 cm3. Posterior petrosectomy and anterior petrosectomy were performed in 67.1% and 6.6% of operations, respectively. The gross or near total resection rate was 15.4%, and 8 patients (12.3%) progressed on follow-up. The surgical complication rate was 26.2% with no perioperative mortalities. Postoperatively, 45.8% of patients had new, persistent neurological deficits, with cranial nerves VII palsy being most common. On multivariate analysis, higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.1, P = .04) was associated with risk of surgical complications. Longer operative time (OR: 1.4, P = .004) and staged procedures (OR: 4.9, P = .04) were associated with risk of new neurological deficit on follow-up, likely reflecting more challenging tumors. Comparing early vs later career surgeries performed by the senior author, rates of severe complications and neurological deficits decreased 23.1% and 22.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Petroclival region meningiomas remain surgically challenging, but improved outcomes are seen with surgeon experience. These data help inform patients on perioperative morbidity risk and provide a guide for surgical approach selection.