Gazma Cave—A Final Middle Paleolithic Site in Azerbaijan: Paleogeography, Chronology, Archaeology-Reference-Cited by-同舟云学术

Gazma Cave—A Final Middle Paleolithic Site in Azerbaijan: Paleogeography, Chronology, Archaeology

Published:2023-10-01 Issue:3 Volume:51 Page:40-49
ISSN:1563-0110
Container-title:Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia
language:
Short-container-title:Arheol. ètnogr. antropol. Evrazii

Author:

Zeynalov A. A.¹,Anoikin A. A.²,Kulakov S. A.³,Otcherednoy A. K.³,Kurbanov R. N.⁴

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences

2. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Altai State University

3. Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences

4. Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract

This article describes the Middle Paleolithic industry of Gazma Cave in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. We present data on the stratigraphy, paleontology, chronology, and archaeology of the site. Six lithological layers were identifi ed, three of which (IV–VI) contain abundant archaeological material. The chronology of the site is based on a series of luminescence ages. The deposition of layers IV–VI formed ~55–40 ka BP. Paleontological, pollen, and grain size analysis offer the possibility of reconstructing Late Pleistocene environments around the cave. Faunal analysis indicates steppe, semi-steppe, and wooded mountains, with riparian forests and reeded areas in the fl oodlands. The analysis of 896 artifacts attests to the predominance of Levallois and parallel reduction. The share of Levallois blanks is high. The most common artifacts are Levallois and Mousterian points and side-scrapers; there are also limaces, knives, and a few indistinct Upper Paleolithic types such as end-scrapers and borers. Ventral basal trimming of points and ventral or dorsal thinning of side-scrapers were widely used. All the main indicators show the Gazma industry corresponds to the fi nal Middle Paleolithic assemblages currently known in the Southeastern Caucasus.Gazma is an expressive MIS 3 example of the Taglar industry.

Publisher

Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS

Subject

Cultural Studies,Archeology

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