1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
2. National Science Foundation Engineering Research Center for Re-inventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Berkeley, California 94720, United States
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
4. Trussell Technologies, Inc., Solana Beach, California 92075, United States