1. Air Quality Research Center and Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
3. Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
4. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China