1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota Mines, 501 E Saint Joseph Blvd., Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
2. BuGReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
3. 2-Dimensional Materials for Biofilm Engineering Science and Technology (2D-BEST) Center, South Dakota Mines, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, United States
4. Department of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
5. Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180, United States
6. Department of Materials Science and Nano Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States