1. Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7908, United States
2. Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
3. John Glenn College of Public Affairs, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States