Comparison of Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) Vehicle Emissions: Emission Certification Standards, Cold-Start, Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential, and Potential Climate Impacts

Author:

Saliba Georges1ORCID,Saleh Rawad2,Zhao Yunliang1,Presto Albert A.1,Lambe Andrew T.3ORCID,Frodin Bruce4,Sardar Satya4,Maldonado Hector4,Maddox Christine4,May Andrew A.5,Drozd Greg T.6ORCID,Goldstein Allen H.6,Russell Lynn M.7ORCID,Hagen Fabian8,Robinson Allen L.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States

2. College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States

3. Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States

4. California Air Resource Board, Sacramento, California 95814, United States

5. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States

6. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States

7. University of California, La Jolla, California 92093, United States

8. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92037, United States

Funder

California Air Resources Board

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publisher

American Chemical Society (ACS)

Subject

Environmental Chemistry,General Chemistry

Reference61 articles.

1. Lubricating Oil Dominates Primary Organic Aerosol Emissions from Motor Vehicles

2. Gas- and particle-phase primary emissions from in-use, on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles

3. Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris

4. EPA; NHTSA. 2017 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards; Final Rule.https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2012/10/15/2012-21972/2017-and-later-model-year-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-corporate-average-fuel(accessed April 20, 2017).

5. Automotive spark-ignited direct-injection gasoline engines

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