1. Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M1C 1A4
2. School of Public Health, University of Nevada Reno, 1664 N Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
3. Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba 305-8506, Ibaraki, Japan
4. Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China