The Paper Bag Theory of Basket Change on the Northwest Coast

Abstract

Archaeological baskets from the Coast Salish area of the Northwest Coast display techno-stylistic variation during the past 4,000 years. Specimens dating to Marpole times (ca. 400 B.C. to A.D. 400) have highly standardized sophisticated ornamentation. Characteristics of the ornamentation parallel those of other types of Marpole material culture, which has encouraged attempts at cognitive interpretations. Shifting perspective to consider the decorative aspect a by-product of construction paves the way for an evolutionary model of culture change. Selection for strong, reliable baskets would account for the development of Marpole basket types. The subsequent shift to plain, simply constructed baskets may represent selection for quick-to-make but less durable containers analogous to paper bags today. Similar theoretical frameworks may be applicable to other culture areas where environmental, cultural, or demographic circumstances do not explain the observed diversity.