Growth of Neanderthal infants from Krapina (120–130 ka), Croatia

Author:

Mahoney Patrick1ORCID,McFarlane Gina1,Smith B. Holly23,Miszkiewicz Justyna J.45ORCID,Cerrito Paola67,Liversidge Helen8,Mancini Lucia9ORCID,Dreossi Diego9,Veneziano Alessio910,Bernardini Federico1112,Cristiani Emanuela13,Behie Alison4,Coppa Alfredo141516,Bondioli Luca171819,Frayer David W.20,Radovčić Davorka21,Nava Alessia113ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK

2. Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

3. Museum of Anthropological Archaeology. The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

4. School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

5. School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia

6. Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA

7. Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA

8. Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Turner Street, London

9. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy

10. Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

11. Department of Humanistic Studies, Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italy

12. Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy

13. Diet and ANcient TEchnology Laboratory, Department of Maxillo-Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, 00185, Italy

14. Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, 00185, Italy

15. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

16. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

17. Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, 00144, Italy

18. Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Padova, Padua, 35139, Italy

19. Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università di Bologna, Ravenna, 48100, Italy

20. Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, 622 Fraser Hall, Lawrence, KS, USA

21. Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Modern humans have a slow and extended period of childhood growth, but to what extent this ontogenetic pathway was present in Neanderthals is debated. Dental development, linked to the duration of somatic growth across modern primates, is the main source for information about growth and development in a variety of fossil primates, including humans. Studies of Neanderthal permanent teeth report a pace of development either similar to recent humans or relatively accelerated. Neanderthal milk teeth, which form and emerge before permanent teeth, provide an opportunity to determine which pattern was present at birth. Here we present a comparative study of the prenatal and early postnatal growth of five milk teeth from three Neanderthals (120 000–130 000 years ago) using virtual histology. Results reveal regions of their milk teeth formed quickly before birth and over a relatively short period of time after birth. Tooth emergence commenced towards the earliest end of the eruption schedules displayed by extant human children. Advanced dental development is consistent with expectations for Neanderthal infant feeding.

Funder

Leverhulme Trust

Australian National University

Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Individual Fellowship

Royal Society

European Research Council

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

Reference63 articles.

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