Local adaptation in brown trout early life-history traits: implications for climate change adaptability

Author:

Jensen Lasse Fast12,Hansen Michael M1,Pertoldi Cino23,Holdensgaard Gert4,Mensberg Karen-Lise Dons1,Loeschcke Volker2

Affiliation:

1. National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of DenmarkVejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark

2. Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics and Ecology, University of AarhusBuilding 1540, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark

3. Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of SciencesWaszkiewicza 1c, 17-230 Bialowieza, Poland

4. Danish Centre for Wild SalmonBrusgårdsvej 15, 8900 Randers, Denmark

Abstract

Knowledge of local adaptation and adaptive potential of natural populations is becoming increasingly relevant due to anthropogenic changes in the environment, such as climate change. The concern is that populations will be negatively affected by increasing temperatures without the capacity to adapt. Temperature-related adaptability in traits related to phenology and early life history are expected to be particularly important in salmonid fishes. We focused on the latter and investigated whether four populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta) are locally adapted in early life-history traits. These populations spawn in rivers that experience different temperature conditions during the time of incubation of eggs and embryos. They were reared in a common-garden experiment at three different temperatures. Quantitative genetic differentiation (QST) exceeded neutral molecular differentiation (FST) for two traits, indicating local adaptation. A temperature effect was observed for three traits. However, this effect varied among populations due to locally adapted reaction norms, corresponding to the temperature regimes experienced by the populations in their native environments. Additive genetic variance and heritable variation in phenotypic plasticity suggest that although increasing temperatures are likely to affect some populations negatively, they may have the potential to adapt to changing temperature regimes.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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