Excitation of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide by downgoing whistlers - I. Isotropic model

Abstract

A simple isotropic model of the lower ionosphere is used to illustrate the mathematical techniques necessary for a theoretical discussion of how a downgoing whistler excites the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. The physical interpretation of the results is made clear. They are qualitatively the same as those obtained for a more realistic model in an accompanying paper.