Development of technology for harvesting soybeans using a two-phase threshing combine to obtain seeds in the conditions of the Amur region

Abstract

The existing technology for producing soybean seeds does not provide them with high quality indicators and, accordingly, the full realization of the potential possibilities of soybean varieties in terms of yield. The invention proposes a new technology for obtaining high-quality conditioned seeds, with a separate fraction in two-phase threshing combines already in the process of harvesting, which can be used for sowing without subsequent post-harvest part-time processing. Such quite important tasks, implemented simultaneously in one technological scheme of soybean harvesting, have not been implemented today in any Russian or international engineering company. To obtain high-quality soybean seeds in a two-phase threshing combine during harvesting, technological and design solutions have been developed that allow dividing threshed grain into two fractions - seed and commodity. In case of two-phase threshing with the first threshing drum operating at the lower level of power action, the most mature biologically full-fledged soybean seeds are soaked at the softer modes, separately sorted at the first half of the combine sieve mill and separately collected in the first grain screw and then in the two-section hopper of the combine. Separating the rolled board into two parts and preventing mixing of the sieved grain, which is soaked with the first and browned with the second threshing drums in rigid modes, more than 60% of the quality soybean seeds of the first fraction extracted during threshing and separation from the first threshing drum are separately obtained in a separate hopper of the combine. The seed fraction with a high mass of 1000 seeds has purity at the level of the requirements of the first class with high inoculation properties, a lower amount of crushing and micro damage and increased productivity. The commodity fraction prevents grain losses from undergrowth in the sex and from non-waste in the straw.