Genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Year 2022 marks the 25th anniversary of the first mutation in familial autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease. Over the years, our understanding of the role of genetics in the pathogenesis of familial and idiopathic forms of Parkinson’s disease has expanded significantly - a number of genes for the familial form of the disease have been identified, and DNA markers of an increased risk of developing a sporadic form of the disease have been identified. But, despite all the successes achieved, we are far from an accurate assessment of the contribution to the development of the disease as a whole, both genetic factors and (and even more so) epigenetic factors. The review summarizes the information accumulated to date on the genetic architecture of Parkinson’s disease and formulates issues that need to be addressed and are primarily related to the assessment of epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.