Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that traditional gender beliefs and religiosity have a negative impact on liberal sexual relations in Western societies. The present research utilized data from the 2011 World Value Survey (WVS) of Turkey (N=1,605) to examine the relationship between traditional gender roles, religion, and attitudes toward homosexuality and pre-marital sex, representatives of liberal sexual morality. Guided by a theoretical framework that synthesizes traditional gender roles and religious perspectives, several hypotheses were created and tested. Results from logistic regression models reveal that even though both the gender roles and religiosity are significant factors that play an important role in negative attitudes toward homosexuality and pre-marital sex in Turkey, traditional gender roles seem to be the strongest factor of conservative attitudes toward sexual relations. The theoretical implications of the current research were discussed for future studies.