Morphogenetic markers of honey bees producing royal jelly with a high content of 10-HDA

Abstract

The article provides the results of 2016-2018 study of morphogenetic markers in honey bees producing royal jelly with different content of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA). Working bees and royal jelly from Kirov  region, Tomsk region, and Krasnodar Krai were used as the material for the research. Evaluation of honey bee origin was carried out according to morphometric and phenotypic characteristics with population and genetic analysis using PCR method with assessment of the intergenic locus COI-CОII mtDNA, microsatellite locus mrjp3. It has been established that honey bees having larger size of the abdomen (with the width of the third tergite and sternite of 4.8 and 4.7 mm, respectively) produced royal jelly with a higher content of 10-HDA (more than 3.0%), that is 1.2-1.4 times higher (P≤0.05). Working bees having yellowness on tergites produced royal jelly with 13.7% lower concentration of 10-HDA (P≤0.05) compared to the bees with no yellowness in the phenotype. Honey bees with locus mtDNA – PQQ or PQQQ in the  genotype produced royal jelly with 10-HDA concentration on the average 38% higher (p≤0.01) than bees in genotype of which mtDNA – Q locus had been recorded. The change of 10-HDA concentration in royal jelly of honey bees having different allele registration frequency in the mrjp3 locus has been established. Maximum concentrated 10-HDA (3.45%) was recorded in the bees with domination of allele 392 with frequency R≥0,38 in the mrjp3 locus. Minimum 10-HDA content (2.39%) was observed in bees with domination of allele 406 registration frequency in the mrjp3 locus. Honey bees with domination of alleles 485 and 518 in the mrjp3 locus had no significant differences of 10-HDA content in royal jelly at 3.0% and 2.8% indexes respectively.