An Examination of Positive and Negative Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Persons With Multiple Sclerosis

Author:

Genova Helen M.1,Chen Michelle H.2,Botticello Amanda3,Voelbel Gerald4,Kim Grace5,Elsayed Heba E.6,Myszko Zuzanna7,DeLuca John8,McGrath Robert E.9,Arnett Peter10,Goverover Yael11

Affiliation:

1. Helen M. Genova, PhD, is Associate Director, Center for Autism Research, and Director, Social Cognition and Neuroscience Laboratory, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Associate Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark.

2. Michelle H. Chen, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick.

3. Amanda Botticello, PhD, MPH, is Associate Director, Centers for Outcomes & Assessment Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Vice Chair of Research Education, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark.

4. Gerald Voelbel, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York.

5. Grace Kim, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York.

6. Heba E. Elsayed, MD, is Associate Research Scientist, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ.

7. Zuzanna Myszko, BA, is Doctoral Student, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ.

8. John DeLuca, PhD, is Senior Vice President for Research and Training, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, and Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark.

9. Robert E. McGrath, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, School of Psychology and Counseling, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ.

10. Peter Arnett, PhD, is Professor, Psychology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.

11. Yael Goverover, PhD, is Visiting Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, and Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, New York University, New York; yg243@nyu.edu

Abstract

Abstract Importance: This study provides information to clinicians about how persons with MS coped in both positive and negative ways during a potentially traumatic experience (the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic), which will help clinicians to provide better services to this population in the face of stressful events. Objective: To describe both positive and negative outcomes among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to examine whether resilience and social support were related to positive and negative outcomes during the peak of the pandemic. Design: An online survey administered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Participants were 74 individuals with MS and 104 healthy controls (HCs) recruited through social media and community support groups. Outcomes and Measures: The survey included questionnaires that assessed both positive and negative responses to the pandemic, including benefit finding, loneliness, and distress. Resilience and social support were also assessed. Results: Differences were noted between persons with MS and HCs on negative but not positive outcomes. Better social support and resilience were related to positive outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance: Both persons with MS and HCs were similar in benefit finding and stress management. However, negative outcomes were worse in the MS group. Our findings shed light on the importance of individuals with MS adopting a positive outlook to help during times of adversity. What This Article Adds: Among persons with disabilities such as multiple sclerosis, finding benefits during stressful times can be a potential coping mechanism. Furthermore, resilience and social support should be taken into account to moderate the effects of adverse events.

Publisher

AOTA Press

Subject

Occupational Therapy

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