Abstract
The review is devoted to the problems of application of modern imidazolinone and ulfonylurea herbicides, as well as to the researches in the field of microbial iotechnology for remediation of contaminated soils. Data on the traits of the influence of residual amounts of herbicides from the classes of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on target and subsequent crops in crop rotations are given in the article. The problems of monitoring of herbicide residues due to the variety of properties of components and decomposition mechanisms in the soil are shown. Ecological aspects of the influence of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas on soil microbiota and non-target organisms are considered. The results of studies of the biodegradation pathways of herbicide components, as well as conditions that contribute to the acceleration of destructive processes, are presented. The relevance of the search for microorganisms-destructors of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas for the production of biological products is substantiated. Microorganisms of different genera, such as Rhodococcus, Rahnella, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Methylopila, Ancylobacter, Hansschlegelia, Klebsiella, and Arthrobacter, possess destructive potential against imidazolinones and sulfonylureas. The current data on the development of biological products to eliminate residues of imidazolinones and sulfonylureas in soils to reduce the phytotoxic effect are given.