Sex differences in neural substrates of risk taking: Implications for sex-specific vulnerabilities to internet gaming disorder

Author:

Wang Lingxiao123ORCID,Zheng Hui4,Wang Min123,Chen Shuaiyu123,Du Xiaoxia5,Dong Guang-Heng123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Cognition and Brain disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

2. Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

3. Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China

4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

5. School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China

Abstract

Abstract Background and aims Sex differences in internet gaming disorder (IGD) remain unknown. Investigating sex-specific neural features that underlie the core risk factor (i.e., risk-taking) of IGD would help in understanding sex-specific vulnerabilities to IGD and advance sex-specific treatments and prevention for IGD. Methods 111 participants (28 IGD males, 27 IGD females, 26 recreational game user (RGU) males, 30 RGU females) completed a probability discounting task during fMRI scanning. Results First, among RGUs, males showed a higher risk-taking tendency and greater neural activation associated with risk/value evaluation for reward (the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left putamen) and smaller activation associated with cognitive control (the inferior frontal gyrus) than females during the contrast of risky-safe choices. Moreover, males showed a greater modulatory effect of risky choices on the connection from the vmPFC/ACC to the left putamen than females. Second, IGD males showed decreased activation in the vmPFC/ACC and left putamen compared to RGU males, whereas this decrease did not exist in IGD females. Discussion Males show a higher risk-taking tendency than females. Altered neural substrates associated with risky decision-making exist in IGD males but not in IGD females. Conclusions The present findings fill the gap in information on the behavioral and neural substrates underlying IGD among females and demonstrate that a high risk-taking tendency is a risk factor and core symptom only in IGD males but not in IGD females. It is necessary to design and adopt distinct treatments and prevention strategies for IGD in males and females.

Funder

The cultivation project of the province-leveled preponderant characteristic discipline of Hangzhou Normal University

The Scientific Research Foundation for Scholars of Hangzhou Normal University

Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Fundation of China

The Key medical disciplines of Hangzhou

Publisher

Akademiai Kiado Zrt.

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Clinical Psychology,General Medicine,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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