The evolution of amphibolites from Site 1067, ODP Leg 173 (Iberia Abyssal Plain): Jurassic rifting to the Pyrenean compression

Abstract

AbstractDuring ODP Leg 173 (April–May 1997) five new sites (1065, 1067–1070) were drilled at the ocean-continent transition (OCT) zone off the West Iberia margin in the Iberia Abyssal Plain. At Site 1067 the 92 m of cored amphibolites were subdivided into three units based on textural criteria. Unit 1 consists of highly foliated and folded amphibolites and acidic gneiss concordant to and folded along with the foliation of the amphibolite. Unit 2, in the middle part of the section, consists of brecciated amphibolites. Unit 3, at the bottom of the hole, is a weakly deformed zone where magmatic textures are observed in the amphibolites and in associated anorthosites. The amphibolites contain tschermakitic to magnesio-hornblende amphibole, plagioclase, zircon, apatite ± titanite ± Fe-oxide ± quartz. The acidic gneiss consists of garnet, plagioclase, alkali-feldspar, quartz, biotite and zircon. Chlorite, sericite and ilmenite occur as secondary phases. The metamorphic evolution of the amphibolite and acidic gneiss started under amphibolitefacies conditions (Stage I: 670 ± 40°C and 7 ± 1 kbar). Further exhumation took place through low-grade amphibolite-facies (Stage II: 550 ± 50°C and 5.5 ± 1 kbar) to green-schist-facies (Stage III: < 500°C and < 3 kbar) conditions contemporaneous with the development of ductile structures. The late metamorphic evolution of the amphibolite ended under ocean-floor conditions. Oxygen isotope ratios and studies of fluid inclusion indicate that a magmatic water-rich fluid in equilibrium with the igneous protolith predominated during Stage I. During Stages II and IIII low-temperature water-rich fluids of metamorphic origin predominated, with a probable contribution of sea water. Apatite fission-track dating indicates that the amphibolites record two thermal excursions below 120°C. The first took place at c. 113–100 Ma and could be related to Cretaceous rifting. The second was brief, and so did not anneal older tracks; it occurred between 75 and 55 Ma and could be related to the Pyrenean orogeny.