A review and tectonic interpretation of the Taconian–Grampian tract between Newfoundland and Scotland: diachronous accretion of an extensive forearc–arc–backarc system to a hyperextended Laurentian margin and subsequent subduction polarity reversal

Abstract

Abstract The Taconian–Grampian tract was characterized by a diachronous collision of a north-facing oceanic arc–forearc terrane and associated backarc basins with an irregular Laurentian margin with hyperextended segments. Hyperextension produced outboard continental terranes, separated by exhumed subcontinental mantle from the inboard margin. The exhumed mantle facilitated continued subduction of the extended margin after it had entered the trench. Enhanced slab-rollback resulted in spreading in lenticular backarc basins, which gradually transitioned along-strike into extensional arcs where rollback was less. Obduction of the oceanic elements onto the irregular Laurentian margin was followed by diachronous slab breakoff and a subduction polarity reversal, such that south- and north-dipping subduction zones locally were coeval along-strike. The polarity flip changed the convergence obliquity from dextral to sinistral and was accompanied by shallowing of the subducting slab near the end of the Middle Ordovician. Strike-slip movements locally juxtaposed segments where tectonic events occurred at different times, producing conflicting relationships. Slab breakoff produced punctuated magmatism, largely driven by mantle-derived melts, and drove and/or enhanced metamorphism in the overlying and enveloping crustal rocks. Boninite was generated episodically over a time span of 32 myr; the oldest Cambrian phase in the Lushs Bight Oceanic Tract (LBOT) and correlatives was associated with subduction initiation.