Pure Embryonal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Entity

Abstract

Malignancy of the testes constitutes only one percent of all male cancers. Most testicular malignancies are Germ Cell Tumours (GCTs), which are broadly categorised into seminomatous and non-seminomatous types. Non-seminomatous GCTs are further classified into several subtypes based on their histopathological features. This case report presents a case of Pure Embryonal Cell Carcinoma (PECC) of the testes in a 32-year-old male. The diagnostic work-up involved a detailed medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests, including a scrotal ultrasound and Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET/CT) scan. These tests helped identify a testicular mass without metastasis. Additionally, serum tumour markers such as Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin, and lactate dehydrogenase were elevated, further confirming the presence of testicular malignancy. The management of the patient included surgery and chemotherapy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed, resulting in a diagnosis of pure embryonal carcinoma. This case highlights the significance of timely diagnosis and prompt management in improving the prognosis of patients with PECC.