Prevalence and Morphological Pattern of Haematopoietic Malignancy Involving Oral Cavity at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Introduction: Lymphomas, a cancer of lymphoid tissue (either B-or T-lymphocytes) are the second most common malignant tumour in the head and neck after squamous cell carcinoma. Extranodal Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) in the oral cavity is thought to be rather uncommon. Aim: To study the prevalence and morphology of oral cavity-related haematopoietic malignancies. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on 1089 cases of oral lesions at a Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India, was undertaken in the Pathology Department from July 2012 to July 2022. Demographic information including age, sex, clinical information, histopathological diagnosis, and investigational details were recorded. Morphology of oral cavity lesion was considered as primary outcome variable and the data was represented in frequency and percentage and the descriptive analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0. Results: A total of 1089 patients, age distribution range from 10-70 years were analysed in this study. Majority were noted among 41-50 years 423 (38.8%), followed by 51-60 years 257 (23.5%). Buccal mucosa was the commonest site for lymphomas constituting 510 (46.8%), gingiva occupied 132 (12.2%). All Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (NHL) (N=3) cases were reported as B cell lymphoma constituting 03 (100%). Conclusion: Non Hodgkins Lymphoma in oral cavity is very rare in occurrence and amongst them B-cell form of oral NHL was more frequent. It should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of intraoral malignant diseases.