Carbon Dioxide Turbine Expander Plant Producing Liquid and Gaseous Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

The scheme of carbon dioxide cogeneration and trigeneration plant with the use of secondary energy resources in the form of combustion products or flue gases that enables to produce electricity, thermal energy and cold for centralized and decentralized supply of consumers simultaneously, is presented. In addition, the plant can produce liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. The main elements of the plant are a heating unit, a turbodetander unit and a carbon dioxide unit for the production of cold, liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide. A thermodynamic calculation and a brief exergy analysis of the plant were carried out. In the proposed plant, off-gases from glassmelting, metallurgical furnaces, heat power facility and other energy facilities with a secondary energy temperature of 250–400 °C and above can be used as secondary energy resources. The heating unit of the installation has been designed to produce thermal energy for heating and hot water supply systems. The carbon dioxide unit has been designed for the production of cold, electric energy and carbon dioxide in liquid and gaseous form in order to ensure the operation of the plant and the use for commercial purposes. The cold in the plant can be obtained in two evaporators operating at different boiling temperatures. At a higher boiling point of carbon dioxide, cold is used in air conditioning systems and in centralized cooling and storage systems, while at a lower boiling point of carbon dioxide – in freezing and storage systems. For the implementation of the reverse carbon dioxide cycle, a three-stage carbon dioxide compressor with a receiver after the third stage is used. To reduce compression performance of the compressor, complete intermediate cooling of carbon dioxide between stages should be provided.