Hematological and Hematopoietic Effects of Bactericidal Doses of Trans-Cinnamaldehyde and Thyme Oil on Cyprinus carpio Juveniles

Abstract

The effects of two potential antibacterial agents of plant origin: trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) and thyme oil (TO) on the peripheral blood parameters and cellular composition of hematopoietic tissue of Cyprinus carpio were studied. Both phytochemicals were used in the doses based on the bactericidal concentrations against Aeromonas spp. developed earlier in in vitro study. The fish were fed for 2 weeks on a commercial feed supplemented with 10 μl/kg of TC or 20 μl/kg of TO. Groups TC1 and TO1 were fed diets containing phytochemicals daily, while groups TC2 and TO2 every 2 days. Control group and groups TC2 and TO2 on the remaining days were fed plain feed. Peripheral blood and head kidney hematopoietic tissue were sampled from all the fish at the end of the experiment. In all the groups, hematological values were within the reference ranges for the healthy common carp juveniles. However, blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly lower in all the groups exposed to TC and TO, while MCH in TC1, TO1, and TO2 compared to the control. TC and TO did not affect leukocyte count [white blood cell (WBC)], differential leukocyte count, the oxidative activity of phagocytes [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)], or thrombocyte count (Thro). No significant alterations were observed in the hematopoietic tissue. The results showed that TC and TO exhibited no considerable hematotoxic effects and trials of their use in the treatment of fish infected with Aeromonas spp. may be undertaken.