A nomogram for predicting the probability of femoral head collapse in convalescent SARS patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: an 18-year population-based retrospective cohort study

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to develop a nomogram capable of predicting the probability of femoral head collapse based on an 18-year follow-up cohort of convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).MethodsData on the natural history of 120 patients (205 hips) who underwent glucocorticoid-induced ONFH at China-Japan Friendship Hospital (CJFH) in 2003 were retrospectively collected. Follow-up was conducted from June 2003 to October 2021. A nomogram was developed in a training cohort and validated in another cohort.ResultsA total of 205 hips were included for analysis, with 143 hips in the training cohorts and 62 hips in the validation cohorts. After 18 years of follow-up, 53 femoral heads collapsed, while 152 femoral heads spontaneously repaired to some extent (necrotic areas reduced or vanished). Following multivariate regression analysis, the Association Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, necrosis index (NI), and CJFH Classification were entered into the nomogram. The nomogram showed robust discrimination, with an AUC of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.85–0.96). The calibration curves showed an agreement between the probability as predicted by the nomogram and the actual probability. Application of the nomogram in the validation cohort also yielded good discrimination (AUC, 0.876, 95% CI: 0.7751–0.9761) and calibration.ConclusionThe nomogram successfully predicted femoral head collapse in glucocorticoid-induced ONFH. With the nomogram, the prognosis for an individual patient with glucocorticoid-induced ONFH can be determined, which can lead to a rational therapeutic choice.