Application of metal artifact reduction algorithm for CBCT diagnosis of temporary anchorage device–tooth root contact: inadequate to reduce false-positive rate

Abstract

Objectives: It was recently found that when cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was used to examine temporary anchorage device (TAD)–tooth root contact, it tends to yield high false-positive (FP) diagnoses. This study investigated whether application of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm or reducing CBCT scan voxel-size can remediate this problem. Methods: 18 fresh pig cadaver mandibles underwent TAD placement bilaterally at first molar lingual furcation regions. CBCT scans were taken under varied MAR (absence, presence) and voxel-size (400 µm, 200 µm) settings. Then, TADs were removed and a micro-CT scan (27 µm voxel-size) of the TAD placement site was performed. Three raters, blinded of CBCT scan setting, independently diagnosed whether TADs were in contact with roots. The reliability and accuracy of CBCT diagnoses using micro-CT as the gold-standard were statistically examined. Results: Generally, CBCT diagnoses had intrarater (Cohen’s κ: 0.54–1) and interrater (Fleiss’ κ: 0.73–0.81) reliability, within the moderate to excellent range, which did not vary with MAR setting or scan voxel-size. For diagnostic accuracy, FP rate among all raters was mostly in the 15–25% range and did not change with MAR or scan voxel-size settings (McNemar tests, p > 0.05) while false-negative rate was relatively minimal and only occurred to one rater (9%). Conclusions: When using CBCT to diagnose possible TAD–root contact, applying a currently available Planmeca MAR algorithm or reducing CBCT scan voxel-size from 400 µm to 200 µm may not decrease FP rate. Further optimization of the MAR algorithm for this purpose may be needed.