Determination of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil and Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) in Automobile Waste Dumpsite at Ohiya Mechanic Village

Author:

Ogbonna P. C.1,Osim O. O.2,Biose E.3

Affiliation:

1. Michael Okpara University of Agriculture

2. University of Nigeria, Nsukka

3. University of Benin

Abstract

Human health challenges resulting from consumption of food contaminated by heavy metals necessitated the investigation of soil and cassava plants around automobile waste dumpsite at Ohiya mechanic village, Abia State, Nigeria. Soil and cassava samples collected randomly at the site were analyzed for cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr). The values of highest concentration of Cu and Pb in soil was recorded in 0-10 cm, Cr was obtained in 21-30 cm while Cd was in 11-20 cm soil depth. The concentration of Cd (0.11±0.00 to 0.26±0.00 mg/kg) in soil exceed maximum permitted level of 0.1 mg/kg (Cd) by FAO/WHO. The concentration of Pb (0.01±0.001 to 3.24±0.00 mg/kg) and Cd (0.07±0.00 to 2.08±0.00 mg/kg) in cassava plants exceed the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/kg (Pb) and 0.2 mg/kg (Cd) set by FAO/WHO. The Pearson correlation analysis show very strong positive relationship between Cu and Cu (r=0.996) and Pb and Pb (r=0.986) while strong negative relationship exist between Cr and Cr (r= -0.686) and Cd and Cd (r= -0.981) in soil and plant. Based on our findings, the concentrations of Cd in soil vis-à-vis Pb and Cd in plants which exceed maximum permitted level set by Codex Alimentarius Commission FAO/WHO will expose man and animals that relied on soil and cassava plants for food to serious health risks. Consequently, Abia State government should prevent farmers’ access to the site by fencing round the automobile waste dumpsite.

Publisher

University of Benin - Faculty of Environmental Sciences

Subject

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Geography, Planning and Development

Reference65 articles.

1. Adebayo, A.J., et al. (2017). Delineation of heavy metals in soils from auto-mechanic workshops within Okitipupa, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Public and Environmental Health, 4 (7), pp. 136-147.

2. Adelekan, B.A and Abegunde, K.D. (2012). Heavy metals contamination of soil and groundwater at automobile mechanic villages in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 6 (5), pp. 1045-1058.

3. Adrian, W.J. (1973). A comparison of a wet pressure digestionmethod with other commonly used wet and dry-ashing methods. Analyst, 98, pp. 213-216.

4. Ali, H., et al. (2013). Phytoremediation of heavy metals – concepts and applications. Chemosphere, 91(7), pp. 869-881.

5. American Public Health Association, APHA (1995). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edn., APHA, Washington, DC., USA.

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