Promoting Women’s Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Protective Factors for Work–Family Conflict

Abstract

Work–family conflict is a prominent issue, especially in our society, where people are expected to fulfil many roles simultaneously. Work and family life demands significantly impact an individual’s overall well-being, especially for women, since they typically balance caregiving for children and elderly relatives with careers. Therefore, highlighting which factors might protect women from experiencing work–family conflict is essential to enhance women’s and their family’s well-being. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to systematically review previous research on women’s coping strategies and protective factors which can reduce the negative effects of work–family conflict. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search of three databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus). After the screening and the eligibility phases, we included a final set of 13 studies. Most of these studies adopted a cross-sectional design (N = 10), and a few adopted a longitudinal one (N = 3). Results highlighted the role of different personal (e.g., hardiness, self-esteem, locus of control) and relational factors (e.g., family and work support) that significantly reduce the negative effects of work–family conflict in women’s lives. Findings, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.