Possible Origins and Properties of an Expanding, Dark Energy Providing Dark Multiverse

Abstract

The model of a multiverse is advanced, which endows subuniverses like ours with space and time and imparts to their matter all information about the physical laws. It expands driven by dark energy (DE), which is felt in our Universe (U) by mass input and expansion–acceleration. This dark multiverse (DM) owes its origin to a creatio ex nihilo, described in previous work by a tunneling process in quasi-classical approximation. Here, this origin is treated again in the context of quantum gravity (QG) by solving a Wheeler de Witt (WdW) equation. Different than usual, the minisuperspace employed is not spanned by the expansion parameter a but by the volume 2 π 2 a 3 . This not only modifies the WdW-equation, but also probabilities and solution properties. A “soft entry” can serve the same purpose as a tunneling process. Sections of solutions are identified, which show qualitative features of a volume-quantisation, albeit without a stringent quantitative definition. A timeless, spatially four-dimensional primordial state is also treated, modifying a state proposed by Hartle and Hawking (HH). For the later classical evolution, elaborated in earlier papers, a wave function is calculated and linked to the solutions for the quantum regime (QR). It is interpreted to mean that the expansion of the DM proceeds in submicroscopic leaps. Further results are also derived for the classical solutions.